Daud, A.S. (2004). Chronicle of a Kris. Himpunan Artikel-Artikel Brunei Darussalam. Edisi 3, Jilid 6. (pp27-30).
Daggers, well known as 'Keris' is one of the traditional Malay weapons. Keris is an ancient weapons with its sharpness uses as a self defense protections especially from old Malay people in South East Asia. Keris is mainly use as a weapon in a war or where fight occurred with the sharpness for stabbing, or it also known as closed weapons as its mostly will be put to its own sheath unless its been used (Hashim, 2004, p1).
Keris has its own specific aspects and functions where the unique of the keris never been extinct
from it’s exist. The existence of itself
has important roles especially in social-culture and politics in Malay including
Brunei Darussalam. It is most significant where its become a tradition where
keris identified as a symbol of greatness and as Malay kingdom. Traditional craftsmanship create keris is not only from the based on the needs of its functions as a dagger,but also with the needs of a focus, abstract and creativity minded to craft it beautiful and unique (Hashim, 2004, p2).
Daud, A.S. (2004). Chronicle of a Kris. Himpunan Artikel-Artikel Brunei Darussalam. Edisi 3, Jilid 6.(pp27-30).
Hashim (2004, p1) mentions that, G.C Woolley as well defined “its a small weapons as a knife or
small sword with two eyes where it has its own designs and sizes; either its
shorter or longer, straight or serpentine, uses to stab and has its own aspects
that is very sharp at end and wider at the opposite side, which its functions
to protect the owner who held it" (1998,p93), in
addition, Edward Frey (1998, p3) also agrees and states that it has its own
roughness on the sharp side. Nevertheless, Malay people believes that it
is not the same as a sword where they know how to define it's looks. After all,
Keris has its own charismatic and dignified as its own unique to Malay races
from long before until today.
The word of Keris:
Source of Koesni (Jawa Kuno): “Ke” was taken from a word of “kekaran” which means a protection or guidance and “ris” is the meaning of be patient, beautiful and slow (Hashim, 2004, p14).
Another names:
- Krist by European,
- Krit by Siam,
- Crit by Macassar,
- Calis by Spanish in Philliphines.
Some people as well said that Keris is first from India because of
the serpentine shape of the keris is just like a weapon used by the Indians and
said that Malay people received their first civilization form India. Meanwhile, some of Bruneians as well believes that Keris has began
from the century of 16 Masihi, in the year of 1521, by the source of Pigafetta
(1996. P36-60). On the other hand, China (Hipkins. 1971. P111) have noted that in between century of 6 and 10 Masihi that old
Bruneian have the talent in using a weapons described that have eyes as saw. Hence, referring to this source, then it shows that Keris started in Malay people was started in
Brunei.
Description shape of the Keris:
Blades is the fundamental part of the keris; serpentine shape or straight. Old people said its a symbolic of two holy and respectful animals in Asia Peninsula; dragons and snakes. The inspiration of the blade shape showed the movement of these animals either its serpentine - moving or its straight - the animal is on meditation or asleep.
Daud, A.S. (2004). Chronicle of a Kris. Himpunan Artikel-Artikel Brunei Darussalam. Edisi 3, Jilid 6.(pp27-30).
How does it was sharpen:
By dropping, sieving and pressing where
these needs an experts, talents and creativity of a craftsmanship where this is
the fundamental in making the keris towards to its aspects and characteristics such
as quality, concepts, motives and its unique designs (Hashim, 2004, p16).
Daud, A.S. (2004). Chronicle of a Kris. Himpunan Artikel-Artikel Brunei Darussalam. Edisi 3, Jilid 6.(pp27-30).
Keris craftsmanship:
Before, the craftsmanship
who created the Keris will be called as ‘empu’, ‘pandai besi’, ‘pandai keris’,
and ‘tuk tukang’ as they are chosen. Other than having an inner mysticism
knowledge, they usually prepared themselves by fasting and meditating before
making the Keris. The fundamental process to make a blade of the keris is two
piece of iron where oen of it called ‘Pamor’ that soaked with ‘arsenic’
poisonous fluid.Once done, it will be packed with yellow or white cloth and
decontaminated at certain higher place. Once
a year, the keris need to be holy by washing the keris with lime to remove the
rust on the blade then will be sheen with the arsenic fluid to define its line
shape. Lastly, it will be smoked by ‘Kemanyan’ and applied Sandalwood
fragrance (Hashim, 2004, p18).
How to clarify or specify:
Keris to be in Malay nature found on its based which is refer to
the blade, the head and the sheath.Therefore, with the mixture of these
elements, it has been analysed in the year 1995 that about 340 names of keris
given or differences of daggers in Malay Kingdom. Hence, it was divided into
seven different kind of largest Keris that are “Peninsula Keris”, “North Keris”,
“Jawa Keris, “Pekakak Keris”, Sumatra Keris”, “Bali and Madura Keris”, “Bugis Keris”
and “Sundang Keris”
In conclusion, especially long time ago, Keris will be a symbol of
complement for a Malay Kingdom man with the Keris own rules of handling and
using as this rules has its own definitions and significant.
Keris in Brunei Darussalam:
Keris ‘Si Naga’ is greatness tool and symbolic of confirmation of confirmation
used in crowning tradition of a replacement Sultan in Brunei Darussalam. Despite
that ‘kampilan’ and ‘Kalasak’ is also one of royal Brunei greatness tools, it
will never can replace the keris ‘S Naga’. This is because of Antonio Pgafetta,
1521, had stated that Keris has become a part of royal Malay tradition clothing
in Brunei. The keris was mentioned to be as a small knife with gold blade
designed with pearls and precious diamonds. The names of Keris Brunei are ‘keris
Andang’, ‘keris Anjur’, ‘keris Berantai’, ‘keris Bertulis’, ‘keris Buaya’, ‘keris
Ganda Iras’, ‘keris Gajah Tikar’, ‘keris Ikung Kala Jangking’, keris Kerajaan’,
‘keris Lamba’, ‘keris Lidah’, ‘keris Renti’, ‘keris Sarang-sarang’, and ‘keris
Sasap Lantai’ (Hashim, 2004, p41-52).
Daud, A.S. (2004). Chronicle of a Kris. Himpunan Artikel-Artikel Brunei Darussalam. Edisi 3, Jilid 6.(pp27-30).
Daud, A.S. (2004). Chronicle of a Kris. Himpunan Artikel-Artikel Brunei Darussalam. Edisi 3, Jilid 6.(pp27-30).
References:
Daud, A.S. (2004). Chronicle of a Kris. Himpunan Artikel-Artikel Brunei Darussalam. Edisi 3, Jilid 6. (pp27-30).
Hashim, M.N. (2004). Latar Belakang Tentang Keris. Keris peranannya dalam masyarakat melayu Brunei. Edisi 1. (pp12-29). Bandar Seri Begawan:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Hashim, M.N. (2004). Keris Brunei dan peranannya. Keris peranannya dalam masyarakat melayu Brunei. Edisi 1. (pp41-54). Bandar Seri Begawan:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
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